Hanke contended that the efforts of Las Casas and the legislation that resulted from them were unique in the history of colonizing powers. The publication of Lewis Hanke's The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America (1949) opened a North American debate over the Black Legend and placed Las Casas squarely at its center. Like Juderías, Carbia was primarily interested in defending the Spanish record. In Carbia's view, Las Casas had exaggerated the brutality of the Conquest in an effort to secure improved treatment for the Indians, and in so doing he had provided Spain's political and religious enemies with a rich source of propaganda. In 1944 the Argentine scholar Rómulo Carbia applied the concept to the historical treatment of the Spanish conquest of America and linked the Black Legend specifically to the work of Bartolomé de Las Casas, whose Brevísima Relación de la destrucción de las Indias had been widely circulated in translation since the sixteenth century. His book, which was extremely popular in Spain, is basically a defense of Spanish accomplishments. The author of revisionist works on a variety of topics, Juderías was convinced that Spain and its culture had been systematically vilified by foreign authors who were inspired by Protestantism or the Enlightenment. The term was apparently coined by Julián Juderías in his book La Leyenda negra y la verdad histórica (1914). ![]() The national stereotype derived from this literature portrays the Spanish as uniquely cruel, bigoted, lazy, and ignorant. ![]() The Black Legend, a body of traditional literature hostile to Spain, its people, and its culture.
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